ADOBE IS ?

→Adobe® Photoshop® is an image-editing software developed and published by Adobe Systems Incorporated.It can enhance and even manipulate images to get your desired output. You can also crop or resize an images, or even save a document in different file types. 

With Adobe Photoshop, the posibilities of what you can do with your images are birtually endless. 

Adobe Photoshop CS4 Workspace

→The Adobr Photoshop CS4 workspace is arranged in such a way that you csn focus on creating and editing your document with the tools arranged around your workspace or image. The workspace include tools, menus, and panels for editing , correcting , or adding effects to your image.

 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

During the 1960s ,The US defense department made an experiment that led them to the development of connected computer networks that should work as a coordinate whole.

Their purpose was to help their scientist and researchs from widely dispersed areas work as if they were in one place by sharing their files and resources.

A " cold war" existed at that time, and networks were not secured from enemy attack. Their solution was to build a  "bombproof" network, one that would be operational even when other parts of the networks were shut down. 

From this requirement , the defense department created the ARPANET(Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) in 1969 it was an experimental network based on packet switching techniquies..

Internet services and their meanings

Internet Services

→ELECTRONIC MAIL- or email, is the worldwide system of sending and receiving mail in electronic format.

→INTERNET RELAY CHAT- enables you to talk to or chat to individuals or groups of people, usually using aliases or screen names to send typed messages some can even allow audio conversation with one another in realtime across the globe.

→TELNET- is a remote login application that permits your computer to log on to another computer and access it as if you were actually there.

→GOPHER- is an early text-based method for accessing documents on the internet.

→WORLD WIDE WEB- often abbreviated as " the web or WWW" it is system of linking documents together even if they are one different computers and located in different countries. It incorporated all the services listed above , and includes the ability of viewing videos , or listening to sound recording.

→The INTERNET or simply the NET is a network of computers linked together around the world.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF CAMERA

      The word camera comes from the Latin word camera obscura, which means literally means " Dark chamber". The principle is that when light enters through a tiny hole on one side of a dark box or room, was initially used by artists to make more accurate renderings of their subjects. With the passing of time, efforts were made to make that image permanent , initially  on bitumen-coated pewter plates . These plates were sensitive to light , but not as sensitive as today's film( or sensor). Camera obscura was a forerunner of the modern camera.

During the 1800's, photography was costly and complicated. It was not until late 1888, whrn George Eastman invented the Kodak, thst cameras became easy-to-use and portable, much as wr know it today. Instead of a plate , the kodak contains a roll of flexible film and when used it had to be processed into negatives , and then devrloped into pictures.

Today, digital cameras are rapidly replacing film cameras, and you may be one of the millions of people who own one and enjoy taking pictures. Instead of film , digital cameras use electronic sensors, such as CCD or CMOS . Altough it has been almost two centuries since the camera was first presented to the public , people are still being amazed by the dark chamber—and the smiles it bring.

THE BRIEF OF COMPUTER HISTORY

           The computer as we know it today had its beginning with a 19th century English mathematics professor name Charles Babbage.
He designed the Analytical Engine and it was this design that the basic framework of the computers of today are based on.
Generally speaking, computers can be classified into three generations. Each generation lasted for a certain period of
time,and each gave us either a new and improved computer or an improvement to the existing computer.
      
          First generation: 1937 – 1946 - In 1937 the first electronic digital computer was built by Dr. John V. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry. It was called the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC). In 1943 an electronic computer name the Colossus was built for the military. Other developments continued until in 1946 the first general– purpose digital computer, the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) was built. It is said that this computer weighed 30 tons, and had 18,000 vacuum tubes which was used for processing. When this computer was turned on for the first time lights dim in sections of Philadelphia. Computers of this generation could only perform single task, and they had no operating system.

          Second generation: 1947 – 1962 - This generation of computers used transistors instead of vacuum tubes which were more reliable. In 1951 the first computer for commercial use was introduced to the public; the Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC 1). In 1953 the International Business Machine (IBM) 650 and 700 series computers made their mark in the computer world. During this generation of computers over 100 computer programming languages were developed, computers had memory and operating systems. Storage media such as tape and disk were in use also were printers for output.
Third generation: 1963 - present - The invention of integrated circuit brought us the third generation of computers. With this invention computers became smaller, more powerful more reliable and they are able to run many different programs at the same time. In1980 Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-Dos) was born and in 1981 IBM introduced the personal computer (PC) for home and office use. Three years later Apple gave us the Macintosh computer with its icon driven interface and the 90s gave us Windows operating system.

           As a result of the various improvements to the development of the computer we have seen the computer being used in all areas of life. It is a very useful tool that will continue to experience new development as time passes.

COMPUTER HARDWARE

           Computer hardware (usually simply called hardware when a computing context is implicit) is the collection of physical elements that constitutes a computer system. Computer hardware is the physical parts or components of a computer, such as the monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, hard disk drive (HDD), graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard, and so on, all of which are physical objects that are tangible.^[1] In contrast, software is instructions that can be stored and run by hardware.

Software is any set of machine-readable instructions that directs a computer's processor to perform specific operations. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system.^[2]

                                                

WHAT IS INSIDE OF COMPUTER?


        The base of operations for the brains of a computer is the motherboard. The motherboard serves as a literal foundation for many of the other elements inside your computer. It's a large printed circuit board. The motherboard provides the connections and sockets that let other components communicate with each other. Motherboards come in different shapes and sizes -- a motherboard in a laptop computer might not look like one from a desktop PC.

The computer brain is a microprocessor called the central processing unit (CPU). The CPU is a chip containing millions of tiny transistors. It's the CPU's job to perform the calculations necessary to make the computer work -- the transistors in the CPU manipulate the data. You can think of a CPU as the decision maker.

Another critical component in computers is memory. The two most important kinds of memory are read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM). Computers can read data stored in ROM, but can't write new data to it. With RAM, computers can read from and write to that memory. Without computer memory, every calculation on a computer would be stateless. That means there'd be no way to preserve information from one moment to the next and every process would start on a clean slate. That's not useful if you want to create complex programs.